![]() While the (pre-Nazi) German state had already suspended reparation payments, once the Nazis were in control they simply refused to negotiate the possibility of the payments ever resuming. Over the course of the 1930s, the Nazi government steadily broke with the provisions of the Versailles Treaty. The years leading up to the start of World War II (which began in September of 1939) saw a series of bold moves by Nazi leadership. Britain, the US, the USSR, and their allies are referred to as “The Allies” in World War II.) World War II Leading up to War (Note: Germany, Italy, Japan, and their allies are referred to as “The Axis” in World War II. World War II was instead a war of aggression launched by a single belligerent, Germany, supported by its allies. Europe had, in some ways, stumbled into World War I. While nationalist rivalries and international tensions certainly led to the war in some ways, as they had in World War I, the primary cause of WWII was unquestionably Adolf Hitler’s personal obsession with creating a vastly expanded German empire. The war resulted in approximately 55–60 million deaths, of which 25–27 million were Soviets and 6 million were the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. World War II was also the setting for the Holocaust, the first and only incidence of industrialized mass murder in world history. The promise of technology was realized in its most perverse form as the energy of advanced industrialism was unleashed in weapons of mass slaughter. It was the culmination of the vision of total war the world had first encountered in World War I, but it was generalized to vast stretches of the planet, not just parts of Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. World War II was the defining disaster of the twentieth century for millions of people across the globe. Be sure you know what each term means and how it relates to the events in the chapter.
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